Sunday, July 7, 2013

Mike McGonigal's "Temperature's Rising: Galaxie 500": Book Review

This collaboration expands an oral history from participants and observers, one of whom, bassist Naomi Yang, crafted the visual content enhancing this careful indie-rock band's image a quarter-century ago. That span surprises her, as she reflects in this compilation's final sentence: "I am grateful for not letting my youth go to waste and I am looking forward to adventures to come." Even before they formed what began as a shambling, untutored Galaxie 500, together from Fall 1987 to Spring 1991, they shared some youthful adventures together, unlike many a rock band's pedigree.

Yang and her partner, drummer Damon Krukowski, have known guitarist-singer Dean Wareham since they were teenagers at the same (unnamed here, but Dalton) Manhattan prep school in the late 1970s. They earned degrees from Harvard, with Yang and Krukowski staying on as graduate students for a while while Wareham worked as a clerical temp. Meanwhile, they started a band in Boston. But it did not sound like Mission of Burma or hardcore. As journalist Francis Dimenno observes: "Their album covers made a statement. Cool Restraint. Educated. Upper Class. Lots of Social Contacts."

As an intern for graphic designer Milton Glaser before she began her visual arts degree at Harvard, Yang possessed a confident air in her own promotional material. When the Italian font she hand-cut from a wedding invitation (which would grace many of Galaxie 500's productions) did not have two letters needed, she drew her own for the band's first cassette labels. She added such refinement seamlessly to the pre-digital mechanical and knife-trimmed process that she meticulously annotated as typographical directions for the band's debut LP Today (1988). These examples, added to the sounds the band labored to produce from raw promise, demonstrate the trio's concern for precision.

It's more elusive from McGonigal's verbal transcriptions (many appeared in a series for Pitchfork in 2010) what Galaxie 500 sounded like, for a curious reader coming to this collection. Writer Martin Aston sums them up: "They played slow when everyone was fast. They were defiantly lo-fi before it became accepted, they preceded shoegazing, but never felt as posy as much of what followed. It was totally out of time, not in a scene, music that existed because they just felt like playing it, or were limited by how they played. Punk mentality. 'We're aspiring to primitivism,' Damon once told me."

Aston's claim that Galaxie 500 "never felt as posy" as those who came later may be debatable. For evidence, the stylized, rarified, or shimmering nature of many photographs by Yang and colleagues such as classmate Sergio Huidor or Shimmy Disc's Michael Macioce (at the World's Fair site in Queens) document well the band's determination to stand out from their leather-jacketed peers. Even in denim, Wareham tries to exude sophistication, while Krukowski's similarly rumpled fashion plays off of his knowing scowl. And as for Yang, her bold earrings and dress sense draw one's attention.

The band, as photos and their recollections illustrate (no questions are asked by McGonigal; he silently arranges the responses in brief chapters around chronological themes) how the three worked together--before they did not. Simon Raymonde of the Cocteau Twins notes Galaxie 500's lack of a solo star: he liked Yang's "simple naive approach" on the bass, while Wareham's "Velvets-y delivery" by "smart lyrics", a dry vocal style, and nimble guitar filled the space left by Krukowski's "expressive" and often spare, jazz-tinged percussion washes and taps.

The drummer explains how he heard the guitar at the top, his partner's bass in the middle of the soundstage on stage or in his mental mix, and himself at the bottom. Fitting this model, Krukowski felt it was "like joining the circus". Under Kramer's production, skillful singles led to an amazing first album, that album to another many judged even better, On Fire (1989) on Rough Trade, and acclaim. 

For a while at gigs, on the road, or in rehearsal, the band got along. Predictably, Wareham laments (briefly here, but see for far more the first hundred pages of his 2008 memoir Black Postcards) that the pressure of a pair teamed off against himself made for poor negotiations as a purported trio. As the band's power struggles grew, they--all in their mid-twenties--contended against outside pressures. Courted by Rough Trade, Yang recoiled. What the businessmen presented in the guise of friendship, she suspected as manipulation. Producing product, for the three committed to crafting quality, clashed with Galaxie 500's ethic.

Their rapid from-underground-to-college-radio success kept some misgivings internally shrouded and externally sidestepped. Kramer remembers: "The band was standing on top of a mountain looking down. The first record didn't seem like it got any bad reviews anywhere." Their second met with even better reception, but their third, This Is Our Music (1990), came with the record label and mismanagement problems (not helped by Kramer's addiction) that left Galaxie 500 straitened. Yang includes a photo of the "money envelope" with penciled scrawls of what cash came in from promoters and what went out for cabfare. Even at the height of their career, the lessons learned on such trials as their U.S. 1990 tour about to the realities of playing a distant city one week and then rushing back to the corporate temp job, as Wareham reflects, sobered them.

McGonigal's determination to match Yang's spare commentary on her archive of artifacts with unadorned transcripts may please fans, but for those less informed, this may not meet a newcomer's needs. The verbal editor provides neither an index nor introduction. True, a discography could be cobbled by a careful reader from Yang's inclusions. Most new fans will prefer a music guide for a standard overview of the band's influences, eclectic covers, lyrical moods, and production emphases. Kramer in an aside laments not capturing Galaxie 500 live when they could play as loud as Sonic Youth; the band's dynamic range on stage and on record, and (within a short career) their quickly improved dexterity both merit more mention than either the trio or their colleagues here provide.

"I was always drawn to the simple and the well proportioned rather than the flashy." Yang's aesthetic speaks for her band. They all squelch any reunion rumors. "We made three albums together, and those records are our children; even though we're divorced we still need to talk about the children occasionally." Wareham's tone captures the steady (or a few wobbly) judgments Galaxie 500 made, as musicians and as creators, to leave the best they could for discerning audiences then, and, enriched by Yang's contributions on their behalf, now in this handsomely assembled presentation of words and depictions about memorable music, (PopMatters 5-9-13; 4-23-13 to Amazon US)

Friday, July 5, 2013

Dean Wareham's "Black Postcards": Book Review

I opened this wondering how he'd respond to his bandmates' betrayal. The liner notes on Galaxie 500's box set (Rykodisc, 1996) are the saddest I've read: drummer Damon Krukowski and his partner, bassist Naomi Yang, describe how guitarist Dean Wareham broke their hearts as by phone he broke up the band in 1991. No reunion rumors here.

Well, the first page begins with not Dean but Damon's words. Krukowski's cited at length as he relates his surprise and resentment as Dean stepped out from a mike, during their last tour, into a spotlight at a Southern California show. The trio eschewed what Dean elsewhere here calls "rock faces" when playing guitar, and this stance represented for Damon and Naomi--who formed a determined front as a couple whose friendship with Dean went back to their ninth-grade prep school days at the Dalton School before they all went to Harvard and formed Galaxie 500--a symbolic defiance of the band.

Dean then enters. "Yes, we had been friends." In fact, from 1987 on, they "led a revolution and were led to the guillotine." (1) He tells his side efficiently, from his New England-descended, New Zealand-raised background, his Australian education, his emigration with his family to Manhattan for high school, and briefly, his stint as a Spartacist League advocate at Harvard. Galaxie 500 begins on page 33 and ends soon after page 100. As Dean tells it, he already had left the band by phone once, and after their final tour, he wanted out, as if they became a cult, and as with any relationship that demanded too much for too little, he walked away. Two against one, but he held the power. It's all reported in often deadpan tone, understated and matter of fact.

Interviewed for Dalton, "they gave me some psychological tests, like the one where you draw a family and a house (the mommy and daddy should hold hands, and the house shouldn't be on fire or anything)." (8) Whatever privilege he has enjoyed appears without comment, as a stoned snack of Cheez Whiz on Wonder Bread at 3 a.m. in a stranger's Cincinnati apartment soon stands for his decades ahead as an acclaimed but struggling indie rocker. In 1989, in Pittsburgh: "It was odd playing to an audience of eleven, and them being interviewed as if anyone cared what we had to say about anything. Such is the world of indie rock." (63) His next band, Luna, lands him on the New York Times' Sunday Arts and Leisure front-page, but he goes off to work to be heckled by a co-worker at his temp office job that if he's in a band, it must not be a very successful one. 

His dry, detached nature steers this account of surviving into not only one's thirties but forties fronting a rock band outside the arenas, negotiating the demands of labels--he shows as does Bob Mould's even more fiscally detailed 2011 memoir "See a Little Light" (reviewed by me Aug. 2011) the difficulties of being a critic's darling during the rise of "modern rock" in the 80s only to meet a Nirvana-grunge backlash in the 90s and then slimmer profits as media conglomerate merged--despite that decade's CD boom. I find such content engrossing (rather than both books' tendency to lapse into "we played at such-and-such opening for so-and-so, got drunk with [insert name here], stayed there, then went here"), for Mould and Wareham, intelligent, well-educated, and savvy self-promoters, came up from a fractious, talented trio who taught themselves, inspired by(post-) punk, how to play. They emerged if a crucial five or so years apart in the 80s as wry, cocky guitarist-singer-songwriters with a notoriety for frankness as well as a knack for melody derived from 1960s AM-pop ditties and later FM-psychedelia, evolving into layers of processed, and subtler, experimental studio textures.

Wareham charts the span of Luna. Tentative first, promising second, breakthrough third, difficult fourth (Pat McCarthy's production and the weeks spent making "Pup Tent" prove a cautionary tale), so-so fifth albums lead to the sixth being live. Why? When a label drops you, that window allows your band to own its concert versions. We learn how the advance goes to pay off not the record label's gross (say, $6/CD) but $2 (the artist's share advanced), and how even if songs are licensed for ads, the profits may well go only to pay off the giant debt: for Luna, over $1.2 million in the hole into what by indie standards via a 90s corporate deal earned respectable if not earth shattering terms of success.

But, as for both bands, this will not lift you up into the heady sounds themselves. Wareham (as with Mould) skims past what for me are highlights of their trio and solo work; it's assumed that a reader will already know the discography. This will prove a drawback for casual fans or those who don't have the albums. I do, but I missed so much here of what made them stand out. I'm about the same age as Mould, two years older than Wareham. The pleasure of learning what they and I shared as we grew up listening to the same music--and reading books--enhances this for me. With Galaxie 500 and Luna I like the earlier releases for their Velvets-inspired, Paisley Underground-infused updates of an ethereal vocal and skeletal or swirling guitar-bass-drums. This could be earthy or, as Dean says early on of a review of Galaxie's "Today" LP (his and my favorite), beamed in as if from another planet.

He does quote from a catty journalist who mocked Wareham's lyrics: "Dr. Seuss on acid"'; later McCarthy's snippet wondering if Luna seems "urban prairie music" to me sums up their mid-career, pre-lounge phase. Wareham's understated in crediting his bandmates Damon and Naomi, and similarly polite but reticent regarding his ex-wife (and small son) whom he left, predictably once one hires a leggy, buff, blonde bassist, for current partner first in music and now in life Britta Phillips. The last, post-live albums favored a mellower, diffused ambiance that fit Wareham's NYC loft mood. (I note as a listener to Damon + Naomi's work a not dissimilar shift into sonic sophistication.)

As with Jesse Jarnow's (reviewed by me in June 2012) case study of indie rock via Yo La Tengo, "Big Day Coming," Wareham takes us from the days of singing to the radio through the post-punk club and "collector scum" scenes and the start-up labels and radio scams to get airplay, into this millennium and the arrival of Napster. Wareham comes across as less of an obsessive rock consumer than the YLT trio, but like Mould and many who grew up spending our pocket money on records, we miss the analog even as we accept the digital, carrying our music with us as we go, despite its infidelity. For indies, it's the "cyclical" death of rock--again. He must decide how to survive. He chooses Britta over his wife, thus keeping Luna together rather than his marriage. The "dynamic had changed within the band,"and as Wareham ponders what to do with his relationships, 9/11 erupts. Without a place of his own, from Britta's he calls his wife. "Our therapy session was canceled." (242)

So, as with Mould, you get raw drama from the details of messy love and longing. But missing (as from Mould for that matter) is how great his guitars sounded even on songs recorded with more primitive production (Kramer in all his shambolic unpredictability for Galaxie 500 looms large, and the haunted hustler Terry Tolkin receives rueful but dignified tribute). How did Wareham, as concert tapes document, get so good so fast? There's a lengthy Mike McGonigal (May 3, 2010) Pitchfork "Temperature's Rising" oral history {reviewed by me in book form with Yang's artwork} that notably calls attention to Wareham--and Krukowski's--skill. Yang is often overlooked, as she had to start from scratch on the bass, but as with her vocals, both merit respect that (maybe understandably) stays subdued in this memoir. Wareham had to deal with the past, relationships with lovers and bandmates, but he moves on awkwardly if realistically, in a style that challenges the autobiographical rock genre's slick transitions or sentimental anecdotes.

It's refreshing to find "a rock and roll romance" not as an "as told to" or ghostwritten or padded. It's acerbic, and droll--like his vocals and lyrics an acquired taste that may not please all. He realizes he prefers Brooks Brothers cotton to "ironic polyester shirts." He gleans metaphors from Isaiah Berlin's fox and hedgehog, he applies Eric Hobsbaum's explanation of postwar consumer culture to the teen spending boom that propelled many of us into buying records, and he watches his seatmate Flava Flav fall asleep on the plane from too much gin.

This is a substantial but not overwhelming account: you get the sense of the life led out of hotels and other people's couches, and while it's loosely organized and may seem to lack internal organization, as you go along, it clicks as a combination of "you are there" and "on reflection...." It's sobering to note that on the last tour, Dean's still hiking in Oregon a mile to the laundromat on dryer-free Wednesday, and getting lunch at Taco Bell and dessert as a Sno-Ball Hostess in Pennsylvania even as he's "a tiny bit famous." 

Parts are funny. Both bands covered eclectic songs, and the pranks played on mates enliven the road tales. (The Feelies' wonderful Stan Demeski was Luna's first drummer and he gets some good snubs in on the "new" guitarist Sean Eden.) Crammed in a Ford Econoline, dealing with dodgy promoters, earnest fans (what effects pedals did he use?), pushers, pleading prostitutes and other ladies after late-night shows on two continents, and putting up with hotels may be standard fare, but Wareham, for all the scattershot mood with which perhaps suitably he chronicles his fate, captures the tedium, the doubt, and the sparks of energy that keep him going.  (12-2-12 slightly altered, to Amazon US)

Wednesday, July 3, 2013

California Death Trip

A few days ago, I returned after an entire week away only twenty-two miles west of home. Although the distance was short, the duration felt long. "Death in Philosophy and American Popular Culture" invited fifteen of us to engage in an intensive seminar in a residential setting which enabled us to meet and chat during and beyond the assigned workshops. Kevin O'Neill taught, and all but his wife and another participant (who'd been a former classmate of a transfer student) along with me had attended Johnston, the experimental college (now alas incorporated into the University of Redlands) where the professor had spent around four decades honing his half-avuncular, half-anarchic approach to bringing out the best by bold inquiry, to confident students in an encouraging environment open to individualized learning and consensus.

As my older son has finished his second year there, and as my wife graduated during Johnston's post-hippie heyday, I welcomed the chance to become, and to be dubbed by my classmates, an honorary member of this Buffalo (nickname for Johnston's clan as opposed to the U of R Bulldogs) community of lifelong learners. My entry {see here for testimony published the following November by its convener and we who participated} will remain shrouded to protect the names and insights shared; death's implacable gaze challenges ourselves and those around us with uncomfortable truths.  Reality and mortality cast a cold eye on what my Catholic h.s. teacher dismissed in my senior religion class as "pious pishposh"; as a monsignor he surely wearied of platitudes as a no-nonsense, bulldog-jowled, and formidably dour (at least as his public persona to schoolboys) Mick.

I fear my end as does T.C. Boyle in typically dour Mick fashion via a New York Times interview, "Doomsday Preacher".  "Since the moment of consciousness hit, I’ve been death-obsessed. Who isn’t?" Asked what he imagined his own death to look like, he responded: "We’re in our latter phases of life, so we are holding on now for the great promise of the last two years of our lives having lost our minds, having angry immigrants change our diapers for us." My sentiments, or lack of, exactly. Still, as a begrudging Mick (I admire Boyle, in fact, and met him, kindly despite his glowering mien on dust jackets at an empty Vroman's Bookstore signing table when I stumbled upon him and his great, early romp Water Music back in college days; I tucked away my signed copy "con amistad"), I aver his Frank Lloyd Wright 1909 estate in Montecito up this half-ruined half-dazzling coast must provide him some solace so he can write still more dire satire of shared humanity's hapless hubris.

Down that coast, if five miles inland, I had only been given work approval to attend two days before the seminar. The day before, I managed to wrangle additional consent for my own room. This turned out perhaps unnecessary, but my doing this freed up all but one room for everyone else to be alone. 

Imagine a room under the dining room near the stairs. 6:17 a.m. seems to be the alert for wheels to roll out above my head. My room has six spartan beds. Two metal hooks over each. One dresser dating back to the days of the original house for all I know. Three nightstands, between the beds. Each stacked with linens, a pillow, a duvet, and a blue blanket like you used to get on an airplane. I hear treads overhead often. Out of a splendid sleep night one rap jolts me so loud its rattles walls of the basement next to my form. It must have been around 6. The employees for Gelson's must park around the corner from the store, so I figure they get their payback on their customers very very early.

Yet, it is my room; propped by pillows, I type away. As I had no idea what to expect at the retreat house, envisioning a dorm, I needed solitude apart. I faced a long reading list and little chance to prepare. My own courses were in their seventh week and finals and end-term projects waited although in anticipation (and I had all but given up hope of going weeks before even though I planned just in case) had been shifted for one key meeting. So, I could work online and still attend.

Driving up the dreaded 405, I had looked first at Sigalert on mid-Friday afternoon and found it clear remarkably to LAX before green shaded into yellow, orange, and red. So, I hooked around the airport onto Lincoln from the 105 terminus and this shot me around my old college (now far spiffier and twice as large) and down to the Marina. There I navigated around the harbor circuitously into Venice, where I never had been on Pacific Ave., a block in from the beach. It jammed up, full of tourists and near-weekend traffic on the longest day of the year.  Still, I figured it beat the 405 bumper-to-bumper.

I heard the next day at the seminar of a SNL skit "The Californians" where everyone begins every conversation with such a burst as I just did. That's why it's there. And let me tell you once I hit Santa Monica and PCH. Well, about eighty-five minutes later, the thirty-three miles had been completed and I drove into Aldersgate Retreat House. It had been moved from L.A.'s Wilshire district where it'd had been built in 1892 to a new town founded by Methodists, Pacific Palisades, in 1928. Mission-Craftsman design, as a lone lodge around the bluffs can be seen here. Once home to the nation's largest Sunday School, "We Boys" flocked to beloved Mrs. Burch. Hard to believe, wedged next to massive 80s-era condos, a Gelson's, and overlooking Pali High, as busy Temescal Canyon Road funneled traffic as constant hum and the squeaks of basketball shoes on the gym floor echoed.

After a genial welcome by the director and the chef we ate and introduced ourselves. The generations spanned the history of Johnston; some from near if not at its founding four decades ago and one a new graduate, a testimony to the draw as I reckoned few students freed would return so soon for rigor. But it was rigor tempered by flexibility, and this combination for the poised student no matter the age spoke well of all gathered, for we learned or knew already to let others think things out first.

Each day for the week fit a routine. I exercised in my room, same routine I have adopted the past years, adding to it until now it's about half an hour. I ate at the fixed mealtimes, heaping up yogurt, granola, oatmeal and sometimes half a bagel or eggs too for breakfast. Lunch tended to be sparer, but the fake fajita meat was truly tasty; dinners were moderate, healthy, satisfyingly basic but varied fare.

I treated the stay as a partial retreat, and used most of my free time to catch up hurriedly if no fault of mine on the readings, and then to do my own teaching online. When the humid sun set in the evening after dinner, I walked around the bluffs, strolling past little dogs, fit owners, and their often ugly and sadly newer McMansions in this neat neighborhood favored by the quieter celebrity film set. It's a forty-five minute circle around a vast tract (named mostly after Quakers and their colleges, bisected by a Via de la Paz) that surrounded Palisades Park on the elongated hilltop from Sunset to a vista above PCH and the ocean, from Palos Verdes far off to the Santa Monica pier closer with its Ferris wheel on one side, and then the highway and tail-lit traffic always weaving its way towards Malibu past the Getty villa. Moments before reaching the bluff, the ocean entered your ears and moments after leaving its sight, it faded on cue. But I could not smell it at all; blame the muggy summer air.

Saturday we heard two overviews by Kevin in the charming Buerge Chapel; great for a wedding as you can view on the link here but less comforting for us not suited to wooden Methodist pews with neither cushions nor depth. I think he wanted to declaim there all week, but we opted for the parlor, which many said reminded them of the same rambling dorm my son and wife knew well at Johnston.

The first took us from the ancients to now, from Plato to Kierkegaard, a greatest highlights of philosophy filled with anecdotes from the classics to Kant, Marx to existentialists, and I marvelled at its range and scope. I wondered how many students had heard this in two hours (well, maybe more). 

His second overview followed American reactions to death, from the first settlers to haunted Puritans to the Great Awakening and the burned-over district, and the immense impact of the Civil War: photography, parlor memorials to the dead by the optimistic Americans confident of salvation, embalming, funeral homes (to replace parlors for an urbanizing working and middle class prone to sudden doom on factory floor as well as farm or battlefield), and the replacement of family plots in a village by once-rural, soon suburban (if a downscale area!) subdivided cemeteries outside of cities. Mount Auburn, a large cemetery outside Cambridge, featured this pattern, one that we'd soon see duplicated and updated for Forest Lawn. Post-mortem photos fascinated me: imagine a dead child propped up in its mother's embrace, a brother peering in at his sibling's bier, a toddler's final stare. The fact that ten minutes were demanded for an exposure only deepened these scene's poignancy.

The afternoon concluded with some free time. We all needed this, for Sunday afternoon we spent sharing our encounters with death. I was about 13:15, so by the time four hours-plus had elapsed as the others talked, my talk was truncated. Still, I covered some fresh ground beyond that of what one might expect, from those closer to the circle of life and death in families. My early memory of reading about how to survive a nuclear attack in the back of a black pocket dictionary (near a list of U.S. cities over 100,000) as a late Cold War child's realization; the alarm drills the last Friday at 10:15 in the morning at school as we hid under desks; the tallies of the North Vietnamese always higher than the RVN or the US forces on the nightly news but somehow we never were winning the war; the naming after a WWII only brother of my mom, and parents far older than me who people thought were my grandparents, and the distance between me and their generation, speaking of aging.

This led to my often-stated perspective on another kind of death, that of a landscape from childhood. I tied this into Redlands-bound students, whom over decades might or might not have witnessed the end of the orchards and then the vineyards as the chaparral where I played north of Claremont, my open space, turned undeveloped land into tracts, warehouses, and always another Stater Bros. I told them that the new 210 freeway rushed past that scraggly scrub which for me once filled with life.

Well, once I dwelt on my Airedale's eerie demise during high school, that typically left little time for people! My wife's aunt, her parents and mine had to be quickly conflated: "anticipatory grief" as a term I learned dealt with this as younger children had years to get used to the calls late at night, the ins and outs from the ICU, the worried waiting repeated over surgeries and consultations. I never got to my dear beloved more recent Fido, but anticipated it, as the eyes of her followed me out the door the last time as they had of my parents, both of whom I saw as the last family member and both to whom I returned to kiss as if a premonition, after I'd closed the door the first time that last time.

The next morning, Freud occupied our thoughts. I added a bit about his observation on how rapidly WWI had lured people away from loyalty to higher principles than jingoism and vengeance to serve the State. Kevin had mentioned in passing Jonathan Littell's The Kindly Ones and I looked up on this very blog my 2011 review for an apropos excerpt. (It also works well with Foucault's warnings of power.) Told by an SS officer in retrospect after WWII, this controversial, feverish novel upset many. If they had read such passages as this more closely, they might have been even more disturbed:
If the State one must serve is made up of ordinary folks, some will find themselves on the wrong side of history, then as now, not by a chosen career path or personal preference, but by the pressures of bureaucracy and the exigencies of the moment that pressure people into acting. Not all victims are good and not all executioners are evil, Aue reasons.

The State, both sides agree as do we, must exist, must call its male citizens to take lives in its name and its female ones to serve its demands. Free will vanishes if a soldier is assigned to a concentration camp or mobile killing battalion: "chance alone makes him a killer rather than a hero, or a dead man." (592) We give up the right not to kill and our own right to life, if male, he warns, to do our wartime duty to our masters.

"The real danger for mankind is me, is you. And if you're not convinced of this, don't bother to read any further. You'll understand nothing and you'll get angry, with little profit for you or for me." (21)
As I admit impatience with Freudian theory, I found "Thoughts on War and Death" much more accessible than the pleasure principle or mourning essays. A pity we had little time to nod even to Gillian Rose's "Mourning and the Law," which reminded me of a classic text unspoken this week, Antigone. Rose makes sharp contact with the camps that Max Aue's icy if picaresque tale evokes.

Heidegger, we found in Kevin's necessary tutelage, tricked us. By examining a couple of sauntering and deceptively genial passages of Being and Time, we found we'd been duped by another German's clever qualifications. Less direct than Aue, who at least wrestles with his dark angel before swooning, Heidegger's notorious reluctance to dismiss his admiration of the State Aue served (H. apparently thought like Aue however his masters and fellow servants vulgar) ties together strands worth pursuing. To think, not as trope but as a culture, that he and his ilk were reading Heidegger as a bestseller. One sign of a successful seminar is how much you come away wishing we'd covered.

In slight retrospect,  I append with fear and trembling my brave attempt for a general reader to sum up an anthology of Schopenhauer's essays, so death-haunted, that influenced Heidegger, Kierkegaard, and many gloomy Europeans. As obviously a non-philosopher, I beg your indulgence as I tried a few years ago to explain this daunting thinker to myself and the online masses.

Another title reviewed I include as it's a Foucault-influenced diatribe in decidedly entertaining fashion by a current French critic, Michel Onfrey. It's more anti-theology than a philosophical assault. Agree or not, it arguably crams in more cackles than certain gloomy Europeans, as it decries the "death wish" Onfrey finds within monotheisms. We still gaze up at the heavens, even we skeptics.

I had looked for the super moon Sunday. Tuesday, this the southwesterly photo I post shows how little it late loomed: it delayed a day or two. My smartphone leaves me very underwhelmed. For my birthday I awoke for the first time since '07 in a place where no family waited to celebrate. But this time, at least I could call and talk to my wife and get a note from younger son; older at a concert caught up with me the next day by e-mail. So we communicate our wishes these days when apart.

Derrida's Aporias (a word I never heard pronounced before; attesting to the company I keep) proved less difficult than Heidegger; its placement fit neatly as he took on previous philosophers for their lack of consistency. He dismissed Aries and sauntered past Freud. As I'd glanced in my diss. at Aries as one of the pioneer historians of death, Derrida's disdain intrigued me, although it seemed harsh.

Another Johnstonian professor and colleague, Bill McDonald, came by to discuss Homer and the Greek heroic treatment of death. This ran over 2 1/2 hours without pause. Far more lecture-driven than the symposium-reclining style of Kevin, I found both teaching content and contrast instructive.

Following at a local Middle Eastern garden cafe, we suitably surrounded ourselves with vintages. Note to self: Dohringer's Pinot Noir likely very pricy but smooth; Joe Barry's Australian Shiraz fantastic. My salmon kebab was last to arrive out of the party of seventeen, so most people had finished by the time I started my meal. But another few hours raced by, as they do when intellectuals talk about ideas. My tablemate, who'd known South Africa well, and I discussed J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace, which to my surprise Johnstonians had collaborated on as a model novel to teach. I confess some chagrin on reviewing my review and finding back in 2008 I'd forgotten that 2013 would find me matched in age this birthday to its protagonist. No wonder my tablemate--going through traumatic changes this same week with fated timing--fit me into its situation, if not all its occupational hazards. Suffice to say a technical college, courses in communication rather than literature, downsizing, dogs, and the fate of one who deems himself "a clerk in a post-religious age" in a hot climate loom large.

I walked at 10 p.m., after a call home. Much darker by then, the streets emptier, the smell of wild fennel as weeds around construction sites (always more McMansions) lingered. I walked on and on. Each night, I'd precariously perch on a child's swing swung over a eucalyptus over the cliff high above the stretch towards the Pier. I figured I would not pass that way, at least after the last night.

Falling asleep I imagined a stretch limo, the kind I despised, the prom kind fifteen seats deep, would whisk us off to Forest Lawn. An Armenian man, who lived near there, picked us up at 9 a.m. in what you'd take to the airport rental agency. The air failed to reach me, wedged politely in the worst seat in the last row, so I looked out at the city that birthed me while all around me chatter of the fate of classmates--death, disappearing, disease, divorce, diaspora--engrossed some of my fellow passengers.

Past downtown, so near my house--I pointed out the hill blocking it from us as we turned from the 110 to the 5 north, it felt odd being a mile from home turf without returning there. The heat hit, and I again compared the Pacific proximity of the Palisades to the summer's glare for us more down the trickle-down pecking order.

We tumbled out likely far more giddy (no theory; practice) than most extended families shuffling into the "reception center" at Forest Lawn, outfitted like the nearby Tam O' Shanter (founded 1928 and frequented by Disney animators on what was then a dirt road as Los Feliz) in a mock-Tudor style. I had driven past this entrance hundreds of times, as it's on my way from my house to downtown Glendale with its library. I'd read Evelyn Waugh's The Loved One poking fun at this milieu and watched the James Mason film. But I had not passed the wrought iron gate since around first grade.

Galen, a minister turned grief counselor, escorted us past the desk and around the side up the stairs, the interior furnished like a studio facade of a mansion it felt to me, to a smaller room. This was were the bereaved would view a body. A video display terminal was lit behind. Many of my classmates noshed on cookies and coffee, but an hour after breakfast. I don't snack, but I do love cookies if not coffee. I wondered what the video display revealed, but instead some of my classmates peppered poor Galen with questions parsing the rights of the dead vs. the survivors. He insisted on the shareholders as it were with a stake in the property being the dead, as their rights if they signed them pre-need trumped the claims of the outraged or vengeful or upset survivors. As a (purportedly as Kevin might have it) non-denominational cemetery, it appealed to the kind of large Filipino families occupying a room like this with babies, cousins and noise nowadays more than the modest "We Boys" once there.

That trend, evidently, showed the demographic imperative. I noted Indio, Coachella, Cathedral City and Palm Springs as cemeteries among the nine in Southern California. Either land was filling up as it would in Glendale soon, or the thousands of oldsters golfing in 120-degree heat now out there would be keeling over soon, and would continue to do so for a century to come. Me included, even if neither golf nor Indio appear likely in the vicinity of my theoretical interment. Galen pointed out that "(burial)" recently had to be added in the price list as customers confused the long-standard phrase "interment and recording" of the death certificate with a video recording of said proceedings.

A classmate active in marketing pointed out later what the representative, Susan from Shakespeare's own Stratford, did not. Although a non-profit (and the marketing VP regaled us with how much $$$ a non-profit could creatively spend to meet guidelines), Forest Lawn had to pay for itself. Fees had to cover the future--one way L.A.'s Catholic Archdiocese realized in typically conniving fashion as it drained the cemetery funds to pay off the sex abuse cases as that was the only source of stable funds. You enter the downstairs area, way off from the stairs leading up to the bereavement display rooms.

There, the showroom awaits. It's not obvious. A side door takes you to a small room with urns ("a lifelong fan of the Dodgers" with space for your name to be engraved is yours for less than $500 in the shape of a cookie jar baseball; military and golf themes are also prominent), but you might not see this, as the main route takes you first to a growing product line: ashes worn as keepsakes in necklaces, as dusted in snow globes discreetly, or as what otherwise might be mistaken for another pendant, burnished with the name of the departed or his or her portrait etched into the wood or plaque. Plenty of such variations demonstrated the consumer demand burgeoning at first online and then onsite, as Forest Lawn tried to keep up with the market and with its competitors. Having pioneered in California fashion 108 years ago the one-stop funeral home-embalming-display-burial, it now faced a full first memorial park (weddings popular there too) and an aging crowd giving way to ethnic groups wanting to frolic, lament, or commemorate in previously rare fashion their own deaths.

A second room stretched out to show how military or sports or hobby themes might cater to the deceased one's past. Then, a third room angled so you did not face the center cut-away opened casket and the ones around it until you were there. Entering on the right you'd be guided slowly past the cheapest on up. The priciest was at left as a counter-clockwise (bad luck in Tibetan or Irish and many Indo-European culture as this reversed the sun's deiseal although it may be symbolic too) progress took you past marked packages. Just as at a car dealer, the bundled deals meant discounts. If you spent enough, the casket (not "coffin") was "free." It ranged from $8 to over $16k for a package deal.

I pushed down the support in the show casket. It gave a little under my pressure. You only live once.

One companion of mine, with whom I'd laughed at the Dodger urn, lost it. We were gently advised by Galen we did not have to enter the little room a bit apart in the hall of the containers and caskets. Little coffins for infants, as if large shoeboxes covered in satin, candy striped, or my sad favorite, the most expensive fabricated in a soft cover I stroked of heartbreaking wool, surrounded the viewer. My companion later explained that the sight of stuffed bears on a rocker, reminding him of his two-year-old son, brought him to tears. We reflected a few days later at the grief therapist's presentation how such a scene signified the juxtaposition of the toys of life amidst a scene of death. A child hugs a bear after he leaves his mother or father, of course. Until very recently I thought I knew where my childhood pair, named long ago Bear white with orange eyes, and Dog with torn ear, a bell within tinkling in pre-safety days, and a battered blue body, resided in my closet. But after another remodeling and another shift of my things when I was not there, they are nowhere to be found.

After another salmon kabab meal at Elena's, spiffier than it had been last time I ate there, we returned to see the showcase. I'd seen this as a pious child and still remembered it. The founder of Forest Lawn, Dr. Hubert Eaton, had taken the world's largest canvas by Polish artist Jan Styka to be enshrined on a hilltop faux-Gothic cathedral sized edifice. You can see it from the 5 Freeway for miles around, surmounted by a lit cross at night as the structure towers over the cemetery.

There, the Crucifixion and Resurrection (painted later in decidedly ecumenical and inclusive if still apparently Christian fashion by another muralist) appear in an enormous auditorium. It's curious to see the same outer sense of a holy site as in Europe, but without the interior presence of a millennium's worshipers, statues, stained glass, and altars. Instead, the air thickens as you enter the inner sanctum to sniff the same gloomy atmosphere you'd anticipate from elsewhere at the site.

The voiceover was now I suppose on video rather than projector as it might have told the backstory to me, a kid not much older than when I read the nuclear survival tips a few miles away at the Sears parking lot in Van Nuys on a blistering summer day (what day is not around here), but the story the same. For me, a resigned medievalist in more ways than one, what else could one do stuck with narrating a depiction with the Passion Play's heroes and villains, taken as gospel truth? But those around me (if not the quiet Filipino family of elders and parents who waited as Galen talked to us about grief before the showcase unveiled) tittered and muttered. They, whether raised Jewish, Christian, or nothing, bristled. Galen had tipped Kevin off to the "evangelical" content he gently dissented from, and I was curious to see what that might be. My classmates recoiled from the Cecil B. DeMille-vintage accents of the villains and saints as vocal talent, ca. 1950 studio casting calls.

Was this a vaudeville-tent revival lingering into an ecumenical era, or a white elephant atop a knoll in the heart of Hollywood-Burbank once-removed to Glendale? The museum, dimly recalled as stuffed with statues, showed these, but all crammed into the first of three rooms. They were neck and neck, Lincoln, Egypt, classics, and I wondered if they'd been relegated into a third of their former space. What took up room two were odds and ends from stained glass; even the Durer underwhelmed. Despite my admiration for this art, only a fragment of a nun's face from a Spanish medieval church moved me. I looked at her eyes and brow, and I reflected on her piety for a Church I'd moved past.

The third room was full of another Spaniard's craft. Lego sculptures. This attracted me little. I hunted for a magnet to add to my collection, but even a forlorn Lincoln for a dollar from some terminated exhibition in this same room tempted me not. I choose my additions with care, but none fit the bill.

We went to the gravesite of a seminar member whose grandfather helped create Johnston. His granddaughter (now forty) had not seen the grave due to spousal contention post-interment, so we verified, after winding around (I predict an app in a year to guide the mourners to a marker) the verdant slopes, with graves lined up all under the cut of a mower but on some steep inclines and even near tree roots by now, that indeed his grave marker boasted "He lived the impossible dream" and his widow, two years later, "She survived the impossible dream" as had been rumored in her family lore.

Someone asked to form a "Johnston circle." As an outlier, I figured this custom de rigeur. We held hands and a few people gave thanks while the classmate who is a rabbi spoke a prayer and chanted a la-lie-lie-lie sort of wordless niggun as sung at Yom Kippur. The granddaughter lay a food offering of pickles and kabab from the lunch leftovers and we paused in silence. A day after Michael Jackson's anniversary of his death, flowers and posters and a few well-wishers crowded a designated slope near a chapel. A car drove in, its window in foam scrawling out "Long live the King of Pop."

Then it was back to mid-Wilshire, not far from the site of Aldersgate originally on Harvard Ave. A surprise awaited. My wife and sons and their summer roommate (also a Johnstonian halfway to graduation) were our caterers. I knew we'd get dinner at the home of Kevin and his wife, but I was never expecting--yes, more salmon. Copper River, my favorite, and Dead Guy Rogue ale and an Icelandic porter I tried. Cupcakes with shortbread inscribed in frosting R.I.P. I regaled all with a dutiful nod to a previous birthday ambush, my 40th at the short-lived Hollywood Museum of Death.

I returned that night and under the sea-bluff eucalyptus thought as I walked in the dark past a party on the lawn of an ocean-facing manse what it must be like to see that view every day and night. Like the Donegal shores I'd gazed at from my tiny upstairs dormer six years earlier, did the residents tire of beauty? Is novelty and newness, as they tell us, the only way to wrangle fresh memory against time?

That night I closed down the house. Last one up locks the door and shuts off the light. It was me after midnight. I stayed in the elegant parlor (Kevin told us in 1901 Good Housekeeping advised readers to call the parlor not by that name associated with grief but as an affirming, American "living room") typing up and revising an idea the night before had begun to generate.

Each participant was assigned an area to introduce for that day's talk as the week progressed. I liked this. In grad school seminars I had to do this, but it was more like preparing to be grilled by a tough professor and jealous classmates about your assigned topic. Kevin, on the other hand, angled each of us towards an author or subject matching our expertise.

Well, sort of. The rabbi given a warm-up for the first of two current and staggeringly enduring bestsellers on near-death experiences, Heaven Is For Real by Todd Burpo "as told to" Sarah Palin's ghostwriter Lynn Vincent, may seem an odd pairing. She dissected its craven claims and as one skilled as a chaplain at Stanford found herself well-placed to discuss its spurious appeals, but ones which to desperate believers craving solace might not be so easily shunted aside. I doubted many at that institution carried the same heartland faith which infuses Burpo's Colorado-Nebraska border downhome appeal as Vincent phrases it, but four-year-old Colton's testimony to a rainbow horse for a purple-sashed towering Jesus who consigns unbelievers to a fate better left unsaid and prepares Dad for his place in a Last Days battle defies as any afterlife account does, logic. That, I recall in passing, made Mark Twain's sendup of the doggedly literal so telling in a harbinger of homiletic humbug and positive thinking, in his last published story in 1909, Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven.

Spiritualism as Kevin reminded us, and the New Age, also marked Twain's era all the way down to ours. Eben Alexander's Proof of Heaven, we learned after lunch, was as I'd suspected not titled that originally, but the scientifically astute "The X of Me" as in the unknown factor. Two participants noted how packaging of a book idea into a more lucrative pitch dominates today's industry. This Harvard-trained neurosurgeon's 2011 memoir recounts his DMT-like near-death experience, through a dark dim tunnel of the Earthworm's soul-absent, self-annihilated tormented vacuum view (shades of How It Is by Beckett if you ask me) to a spinning wheel of music and a voyage on a butterfly's wing of one he later learns (a feature in common with Burpo as the uncanny sight of a relation not familiar to the visionary prior to their submersion) is his never-known adopted sister. He gains consolation.

All is love, and you are loved. No worries. Peace and utter bliss.

Who can argue against this? Sam Harris with his own combined training as atheist philosopher and neuroscientific student does. Endorphins? DMT dump? Psychotropic E-coli? He denies Dr. Alexander's neo-cortical cortex shut down, and while Dr. A. tries in a very understated appendix to sum up and dismantle ten claims like this, I found the counter-claim of Harris cannot ultimately be dismissed. As Carol Ann Zaleski made the clever parallel in her Otherworld Journeys (back in 1987 this inspired my doctoral studies' direction) of medieval and modern NDE accounts, so I find in Alexander, whose acknowledgements and endnotes attest to a more New Age than Harvard School of Medicine orientation now, verification as in Burpo. The afterlife tends to be what you expect.

After lunch and rehearsal and revision as most of the class drove down to see mortuary statuary at the Getty villa close by, I delivered my preaching of purgatory as a performance. I figured teaching this concept from a very late medieval perspective gradually revealed might better entertain the audience than "the Lateran Council was held in 1215 to enforce yearly Confession and Communion" might.

As that barn-chapel nestled outside, I approached the classmates inside as if villagers of Aldersgate and I a wandering scholar of Irish kinsfolk who'd been invited in and had been listening to St John's parish conversations under the care of Doctor of Philosophy Kevin (trained at Cambridge as that is to Oxford as Yale to Harvard). Each of the fourteen participants played a role in my explanation.

The pastor's own dangerous leanings to German heresy, French schism, and North African infidelity must be countered by attention to orthodoxy as the Church needed the villagers' inclusion into the Communion of Saints. Joining those in heaven, those on earth by not only good works but indulgences and intercessions could give alms for the fulfillment of the penance due when venial sins could not be paid in full for the debt due them when death suddenly arrived. From the Treasury of Merits flowed grace earned by Christ's sacrifice, but even that abundant exchange was not one-sided.

Instead, investments in chantries and trental masses enabled pre-planning (shades of Forest Lawn, whose Passion Play caused me concern for it was taken so lightly, while its imagery fueled my recall of Gehenna's fires) brought the living and the dead together to move towards heavenly salvation. Three I cast as students of the Old Law despite the exile of the Jews from England; two nuns and an abbess raised funds from a generous woman who assisted orphans so as to amass alms for Masses and piety. I praised a teacher ambitious whose calling had to be that of a priest as more Masses must be daily recited; I bewailed a notary's news of a neighbor's suicide which had to prove his damnation; I comforted a widow who after Last Rites had been procured found her husband nearing heaven.

One (Kevin's wife) was the oddly devoted student of the learned but freethinking pastor; another a "healer" in whom many confided their woes. Finally, a student of the law whose "real" recital of a daydream of being chased by a bear as a more fitting Alaskan death than overdosing on Benadryl generated my earnest appeal to turn from disbelief and pagan, diabolic temptation to tell a tale worthy of a shrine, where pilgrims might flock to hear of a purgatorial deliverance into the arms of the Savior. I tried to convey this with humor and wit, but also feeling and intellect, as if a proto- phenomenonological dramatization advocating this doctrine against Lutherans and Lollards, in its last gasp as Thomas More's purgatorial treatise yet met with defender of the faith King Henry's trust.

My alliterative, elongated in a tinge of archaic style if as lyrical nearly early modern English, exemplum met with applause, and doubly. I was happy. As I confessed later to the "notary" and "law student," I wasn't the creative type. It sprang into my mind as a quick flash to enlighten a doctrine lively and compelling to a modern, dim, sensibility far removed from any sense of what made it once so vivid in the imagination. Feeling stymied when it comes to creativity rather than criticism, two poems hovered. I'd picked for my poetry contributions Emily Dickinson's I heard a Fly buzz when I died and Christian Wiman's untitled verse beginning and ending his new memoir My Bright Abyss.

When asked about my own views of the afterlife, I recalled the white light somehow earned at the conclusion of the film The Unbearable Lightness of Being, and Teilhard de Chardin's immanence. Intellectually, that model of the Jesuit theologian combined with the nibbana into where the candle's flame drifts once vanished jibes with what others had surmised that week, nature's energy transfer. Whether I believe in Teilhard's Noosphere I find it logically impossible to say, but it's a fun concept.

That evening, we convened around a circle, pizzas at the long table. I asked in our look back how Johnstonians regarded what they learned in the bustle of the give and take of a seminar education. What did they manage to keep when entering higher education or the corporate or business world? Some revealed they continued to be the outspoken, the negotiators, those who wouldn't accept the usual deal. My education never fostered these qualities nor did my upbringing, but my son and wife's did. Kevin noted how the less quick (like myself) at a quick parry and thrust might have in meetings or papers more chances to express themselves, and how the consensus-building favored some types.

Here as there, in Bill's session too, I could see this. But I also understood how patiently Kevin and my classmates let the week unfold, as we listened far more intently. At academic conferences, the speakers demand attention and expect acquiescence. You may casually meet a professor and share what you've written or read, but it's also a forum to make one's mark. At Aldersgate, far fewer egos clashed. The enrollment was large enough to let all kinds of personality types attend but small enough so you could follow each person's train of thought. A few minor differences among participants only deepened the knowledge gleaned as airless theory met atmospheric enclosure of death as a site--a grave at Forest Lawn, and a real person among us who had yet to mourn at a gravesite--and not an existential situation to be pondered only in a seminar room or a densely composed monograph. The presence of a recent widow among us and those recently grieving heightened this sense of relevance.

We spoke of such wisdom earned. Kevin was given as a gift from us a very rare book he did not have, a first edition of collected 1890s small town stoic and forlorn photography, Wisconsin Death Trip. Then I went for my last walk around the circuit. Unlike all other nights, a marine layer moved in. Not really fog, but mist even if you did not sense it on face or hair. I walked through it, a novelty in late June. Where I live, the fog never gets that far inland. I wish it did. I'd love to live above that shore.

At the very end of the bluff portion, in my solitary trudge I almost crashed into three classmates going the opposite direction. Naturally, we halted. They--the teacher, the nun who raised funds and wrote verse, and the law student in my saga-- waited for a fourth, the notary, who arrived soon with a paper bag. A $40 pinot noir (or so it seemed) had been procured at half the price, for nobody could figure out at the store the price as it lacked a bar code. He bargained. We passed around the bottle of a quite tasty vintage I had no idea of label or provenance. We stood around for an hour, the vista totally reduced to dim lights of cars and the hum of PCH traffic along an ocean invisible and one whose surf could not be discerned a few hundred feet away and maybe a hundred-odd feet above the sand.

We Gen-Xers (ok, I'm the first year as an echo boomer) talked of job layoffs and of firings, and then three drifted to a bench. I talked with the fourth about canon law until we all realized the teens around us had vanished. Figuring we'd better vamoose before the posh neighbors noticed, we walked up leafy and shadowy Radcliffe Ave. Soon we met nearly half a dozen classmates, back from a bar, and we combined to trek back to teetotaling Aldersgate (named after the tree under which John Wesley began his ministry; a tree next to Buerge chapel there rose splendidly). There, I spent another few hours, first with listening in on a discussion of Stephen King, and then going to a outdoors fire (!) to chat with my son's former classmate--the sword-wielding secret student of the Old Law up the northern coast, about to go off to SIU for graduate studies in philosophy. We conversed about in turn Sherlock Holmes' t.v. adaptations one British, one American now aired, Tolkien's The Children of Hurin, Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon, Mongolian beliefs, Indonesian languages, medieval weaponry, the Torah portions on Amalek and on the first seven plagues, and more Tolkien.

Midnight ended the novelty of an inviting fire near an ocean at night in the open air. The last day we met to learn about grief counseling. This reiterated what Kevin and others taught. Grief whether from death or not must be faced and not rushed past. It has no set stages or deadlines, and it cannot be avoided. It may delay and hit in many ways, if the one who has gone has been there for you in many ways and many roles now left unfilled and waiting to enter your reveries. But between nine months and sixteen, if you are resilient, grief may fade. I reflected to myself on how a year's passing as yahrzeit or anniversary symbolizes this event. A woman of Polish Jewish parentage, elderly, told of her work as a therapist, of what to expect when you're lamenting. It sounded harrowing. I took notes, knowing I would need these again sooner or later. "If you stand with one foot in the future and one in the past, you piss on today." I asked her if that was Yiddish. She did not know, but I suspect such.

At lunch, I reflected with two classmates. I continued to remain rather reticent (and I do so in this entry to preserve some individual and mutual privacy as the nature of this week continues to percolate and simmer inside those of us there), but the intimacy of the gathering and the fleeting but necessary bonding allowed us to confide. I had come here dragged down. I felt my work not rewarded enough by emotional support and intellectual stimulation. I wondered what a death seminar would do to deepen my malaise. What I learned during of all moments a poetry discussion was the need to live for now, a truism but as poets better trained than I can express, one worth expressing.

One by one earlier that morning in the chapel and through lunch, people departed for flights. We each hugged each in turn each time, with a few personal words added. Despite (shared by the teacher) an aversion to hugs with those I barely knew, I felt the hugs were necessary and earned, as had been the hand-holding at the grave. (I only learned later that this was not a Johnston tradition, to my surprise). The night before the healer spoke what I'd been thinking that week. On our deathbed, some of us might remember our meeting place. Repeating it that last morning in chapel, the healer left with tears.

Finally, it was my turn. Only two others remained in the silent parlor. We hung around a while: they checked online for directions and I watched as my Sigalert colored the 10 freeway eastward red. One was heading north to the 101 up the coast and the other south on the 5 to San Diego. Then I hugged. Thick traffic clogged all the way up Sunset Blvd. I passed where I had submitted my dissertation, where I had bought LPs, where I had taught, where I had eaten, where my sons went to grade school. A few blocks from where my wife--we married twenty-two years ago that past Sunday--worked and blocks from where I first set in motion the way we'd meet.

Inland, to where Southwest temperatures hit record highs for June. Less chaparral always as the city exurbs stretched east, warmer weather as we paved under the cooler soil. Twenty-two miles to home.

Monday, July 1, 2013

John Andrew Fredrick's "The King of Good Intentions": Book Review

After seventeen albums, The Black Watch's singer-songwriter-guitarist steps aside from his Los Angeles gigs and, in what must be at least semi-autobiographical, narrates the indie-rock predicaments of a certain John, who falls for musical prodigy Jenny. It's a brisk, bittersweet novel. Propelled by the wry, overly clever, self-mocking, playfully second-person address John adopts for his picaresque tale of The King of Good Intentions (also an album title by the author's band), his energetic patter revives the early '90s.

Record stores still held trash and treasure: if you too can account for not only the Verlaines but Look Blue Go Purple or the Able Tasmans, you're matched with this novel's milieu. College rock still beckoned literate slackers in gentrifying, faux-boho Hollywood. On trendy Melrose Avenue, "shop girls" posed, "endlessly puffing accessory cigarettes and wearing looks that dared you, just dared you to enter and browse without buying".

Meanwhile, John settles (where on his ungarnished pasta budget he stays mum that it's all but impossible to find a room) in rent-controlled Santa Monica. There--departing Santa Barbara's lotus-land surfer environs, after stints exhaustively detailed in near-David Foster Wallace recall at a sports-mad prep school, but barely mentioned at an English university--John settles down near the beach. Ennui appears to account for why he left his privileged upbringing, as he chooses to hunker down beside the strung-out and bong-bemused natives, even if nobody's truly from L.A., naturally.

As a native, I've heard before John's jaundiced takes on our speech, snobs, smog, sprawl. Not bad, but familiar. What's fresh: his vocabulary. A Ph.D. in English from U.C. Santa Barbara, John Andrew Fredrick combines the rhetorical reach and tragicomic smarts of Alexander Theroux with the published-but-perished plights of James Hynes' erudite if long-matriculated protagonists. In John's first two-dozen pages we find "glabrous", "hispid", "viscid", and "anosmic". He observes with a gentler tone his bedroom, with "crumpled up pages like inscribed paper flowers".

At a party full of star-struck wannabees, pursuing a comely lass, he reflects: "tonight I am lost and have eyes like a spirograph in the hands of a child on methamphetamine and utterly out of my head on good drugs and bad alcohol". Poetic or introspective registers carom off John's R-rated vernacular, the usual Angeleno's articulation, or its lack. Infusing this spirited or spiteful melange of mundane rants and muttering satire, the novel celebrates an egghead's low-life lived at the margins of celebrity.

Fredrick sharpens as he hones his literate and pop-cultural dissections. L.A.'s full of inked and pierced, fringe, self-titled scribblers. Yet, as one signature writer betrays by John's reaction, Charles Bukowski's "precious, hipster-hallowed novels are like literature for people who don't really read". 

Unsurprisingly, neither do students. John's day job as a L.A. public-school substitute rang too true.  (Old Volvos trundled John and me to concrete classrooms. As I studied for a master's, I supported myself in this same occupation, and as and after I finished my doctorate in English during this same span, I dealt daily with urban "at-risk youth" in this very district. I think I know the real "William Westmoreland H.S." campus where John's violent showdown with an teenaged upstart occurs.) When you find this indie-press title in an indie bookstore, flip to page 110 to seal the deal. Fredrick's pitch-(im)perfect rendering of an instructional note left by the regular teacher John replaces sums up this novel's sass. John offers advice if you're caught in this hapless vocation: "Usually the more violent the film, the more tractable the class."

The "faux 18th century-chocolate house way" favored twice by John, first to relate his run-in with a teacher's lounge "Beldam" rather than alas "nubile Hoydens in hot pink Hot Pants" and later to his courting of a "a quite fetching neo-goth Temptress, Wench, and Strumpet" shifts the mood and livens the prose. This sub takes his spare copy of Boswell's Life of Johnson for downtime. Not that I expected another "Oxen of the Sun" rhetorical imitation as in Joyce's Ulysses, but the antiquated stylistic homage broadened the verbal range chosen by Fredrick, as a lateral side-step from the sneers of record store clerk Scather or lecherous scientist Psycho, as two of John's oft-present and quite rambling interlocutors. Parts of the novel, especially after John and Jenny find delight, slow down as happiness glows. "When she came out and came in to her room, all hot and red, I pulled her to me by the robe's lapels and kissed her on presented cheek, tonguing aside wet strands of resplendent hair." Fredrick conveys intimacy's warmth through the couple convincingly.

However, a long detour down memory lane to "Junior" on the mound at prep school, while it will lead in time-tested fictional coincidence to a sudden reunion later, slows the frenetic pace in the sunnier second half. This episode rises to a splendidly ribald "singular cheer" for John-as-Junior as he pitches, so a raunchy pay-off proves rewarding even if you lack patience for adolescent athletics. Tonal irregularities and digressing recollections may be true to an extremely intelligent John as told by an equally smart Fredrick. But, along with some typos for proper nouns in the copy I was provided, they needed a red pencil.

All the same, these add up as minor flaws. Each section comes titled with a well-chosen lyrical snippet from a rock song. (At least two other albums by The Black Watch nestle into the chapters as words or phrases.) The novel as a whole thrives on accurate observations from L.A.'s post-riot clouded yet college rock-cheered milieu, which Fredrick channels through John's grumpy good nature. The King of Good Intentions depicts scenes that have not yet vanished, although most of its record stores have, on shady blocks off Melrose or Wilshire. A paramour lives in a 1920s-era apartment flat. "Cherry hardwood floors. A dwarf sort of balcony."  See-through curtains, a cat, or a cat smell, while the fragrance of incense lingers. "Posters of Patti Smith, Robert Smith, The Smiths."

In such moments, and as the novel flows to its elegant, fittingly ambiguous conclusion, The King of Good Intentions fulfills its aims. John and Jenny's band, the Weird Sisters, cut an album. John's ambitions stay modest, but sincere. From such a plastic artifact, beauty might emerge: "Someone like me might be consoled by music and lyrics that evoked concerns that people had every day. They might be reminded for two sides of an LP that someone else thought like they did--or differently."

The last scene's dialogue will be drowned out by music, a too-loud horn blast added to a band bashing out "Strawberry Fields Forever". Appropriately, both narrating John "as an ideal listener" and Fredrick as a singer and a lyricist know when to let the song take over. The performer steps back from center stage, while words give way to sound. (As above to PopMatters 5-8-13; slightly edited and reshuffled for Amazon 4-30-13.)

Sunday, June 30, 2013

Crannaí agus Sliabh Maolín

Is cuimhne liom an radharc chomh seo. Rúgadh mé in aice leis anseo. Chuir an grianghraf i gCovina nuair ag fásadh úlloird go leor fadó.

Thóg Clarence Tucker seo. Measaim go raibh séisean féin is óige ansin. Bhí amharc seo i 1900. Ar ndóigh, fuair sé bás i 1970.

Ar feadh an bliain sin, bhí mé óg freisin. Bhí mé i gcónaí i Claremont, D'imirt mé leis mo chairde ina h-úlloird na crannaí líomóide ar chúl mó thí.

Chonaic mé an sliabh ceanna leis sneachta. Tá Sliabh Naomh Antoine go hoifigúil ann. Ach, glaoch gach duine áitúil leis an leasainm é "Sliabh Maolín."

Tá sé thart ar deich míle míle ard ansiud. Tá sé ina sainchomhartha ag imeall an Cathair na hÁingeal ann, go deo. Is féidir liom a fheiceáil go fóill ar an lá glan daichead míle ar shiúl ina ghemreidh anois.

"Trees and Mt. Baldy"

I remember a panorama like this here. I grew up near here. The photograph was taken in Covina when many orchards grew long ago.

Clarence Tucker took this. I reckon he himself was very young then. This view's in 1900. However, he died in 1970.

During that year, I too was young. I was living in Claremont. I played with my friends in the orchard of lemon trees the back of my house.

I saw this same mountain with snow. It's Mt. San Antonio officially. But, everyone locally calls it "Mt. Baldy."

It's about ten thousand miles high up there. It's a landmark around Los Angeles, always. I'm able to see it still on a clear day forty miles away in winter now.

Friday, June 28, 2013

Jennifer Egan's "A Visit From the Goon Squad": Book Review

Nearly 500 reviewers already weighed in on this ambitious novel's wide range of settings, diverse characters, and sprawling, time-leaping plot. Everything from a oddly appealing if annoying kleptomaniac in a fine opening vignette to an Asian dictatorship to an African safari, with lots of New York City, even after climate change, terrorist fears, and more economic collapse, where people keep having babies. Music plays a key role, if not as much as I thought it would (seeing the title cribs from Elvis Costello), and the plot shifts more to fame, fear, and longing, more universal concerns among its unsettled cast of urban and suburban yearners, obsessed with gadgets, social networking exponentially amped into "parrots," and with a familiar litany of angst and dreams, conveyed best of all if unexpectedly in one decaying, parched California high-desert exurb in a poignant chapter related through a girl's Power Point.

The plot's all over the place, literally. Latch on to an appealing young woman on the make and a chapter later, it's another time and another generation. Jennifer Egan manages to keep all her storylines folding into each other, but readers lacking patience may wonder at her intricacy. For me, it worked as entertainment, with the attempted rapist, a journalist in eerie thrall to a despot, and the foibles of journalism best succeeding. However, the African interlude failed to keep my interest, even if I understood why it had its place in character development. For all its range, you can still see the seams showing now and then within the construction. Egan puts a lot of energy into juggling a lot of balls in the air at once.

I chose to hear this with Roxana Ortega's dramatization. (The Power Point's via a click-through slide-show with a quaint projector sound on the tape.) Her often ironic, sneering, blustery, or fragile voice captures effectively the brash attitude of the passel of these often snobbish, insecure, and/or privileged folks, scrabbling their way up the social ladder in cities and exurbs, as the planet weakens under global warming and the media-driven frenzies escalate. Underneath it all, it's a comedy of manners two hundred years after Jane Austen, perhaps. (Amazon US 7-31-12)

Wednesday, June 26, 2013

George Saunders' "Tenth of December": Book Review

Any story George Saunders writes, I'll read. This fourth collection begins with typical toughness mixed with sadness. Mortality and fright return over and over, in landscapes familiar and laboratories unrecognizable--for now. "Victory Lap" gets it off to a stern start with a sassy ballerina-teen and a geode. "Sticks" is much shorter than some in this volume, nearly a vignette about Dad leaving a Santa suit draped "over a kind of crucifix." The next, "Puppy" gives you a sense, if you know Saunders, that it will not end well by its very title. "The cruelty and ignorance just radiated from her fat face, with its little smear of lipstick," as one mother's summed up. This shows Saunders, doggedly watching how his neighbors might act, around his native upstate downscale New York.

 "Escape from Spiderhead" terrifies more than amuses. A shame reducer and verbal stimulant get tested on lab-rat humans, as sex and what seems like love unfold at nearly novella length for the understandably confused narrator. As with many of George Saunders' eerie reports from a near-future corporate realm, neologisms and innovation combine with poignancy and satire. As he's matured, his daring approach has blended into a subtler shift towards tenderness beneath. He hasn't lost his imagination, but he improves upon even the talent of his first collections when he mixes emotion into the ingredients, more than lesser writers who heap on the what-ifs too thickly. Speculative fiction meets domestic anxiety, from a deadpan satirist increasingly skilled at evoking tenderness amidst death and hallucination.

"Sometimes science sucks," as one character concludes. As a geological engineer turned writer, certainly Saunders possesses a knowledge of business and know-how other MFA-schooled products may lack. (See my review of "In Persuasion Nation") He has always mingled the bureaucratic-speak with pop-psych bromides deftly. "Exhortation" sends up the managerial memo lapsing into tell-all e-mail, appropriately. "Al Roosten" about to be introduced by a MC cheerleader too old for braids who in turn promotes herself "as someone who does feng shui for a living" contains its own ready-made humor, "LaffKidsOffCrack" the charity du jour that makes the protagonist feel, amidst bumps and grinds, that he was "deaf to the charity in this." Saunders shows the awkward, forced conviviality of such events, inflated just right. It reminds me of Babbitt meets Pynchon, somehow.

"Home" follows the decay of a relationship, complicated by baby. Court-martial proves a lesser infraction for a returned veteran compared to what life at home and under the sheriff's eye--and Ma--has for him. The more deadpan, mind-numbed, demotic phrasing of everyday downscale folks again finds Saunders applying his ear to the way people talk when tired out and unable to process, full of proverbs, the obvious observations, the phrases from TV: "Not on my watch," or "People tend to focus on the negative."

With "My Chivalric Fiasco," TorchLightNight starts with a "voluntary fling" admission and moves to a pigpen with fake pigs and a tilting bed, with the narrator "the only currently working person in our family." A fake-medieval tone intervenes thanks to a 100 mg of KnightLyfe, and this allows Saunders to enjoy the Renaissance Faire scenario and diction that giddily and disturbingly ensues for "Improv."

Appropriately, the first sentence of "Tenth of December" has a "pale boy with unfortunate Prince Valiant bangs and cublike mannerisms" hulking about in Dad's white coat. Beavers are to be scrutinized. But, strangeness from the woods ensues, of course. It's more of an action-oriented, psychologically concerned story for Saunders, and in its length it extends into a family saga in miniature, pushing his direction homeward away from the managerial blather and drugged predicaments of his previous characters. Slightly more conventional in intent for all its oddness, it may signal Saunders' desire to leave the lab and cubicle behind for nature's homeland insecurities, with its own terror. (Amazon US 10-24-12; my ARC differs from the published version, apparently. See NYT 1-6-13:  "George Saunders Just Wrote the Best Book You'll Read This Year")

Monday, June 24, 2013

"Thomas Merton + James Laughlin: Selected Letters": Review

"One begins to wonder about this realm, then. What is being prepared for it?": so reflects Merton amidst the death of many prominent figures, on 12/7/63. The gradual shift of this Trappist monk towards re-engagement with the world's suffering, by one who in his mid-twenties sought to flee the secular temptations and to devote himself to seclusion needs no introduction; it's well-known and a fascinating study in itself. Twenty-two years had passed between his entrance into the monastery and the time he wrote these sentences to his agent and friend, the well-off, well-educated James Laughlin. He shared and furthered Merton's connections with the New York literary realm and worldwide intellectual currents that a cloister could not block off. Laughlin founded New Directions, publisher of avant-garde novelists and the modernist poets whom Merton reflected in his own verse. Merton grew increasingly confident by the mid-1950s, taking on the Cold War's military-industrial complex.

So did his essays. As this collection edited well by David D. Cooper frames, in about one-fourth of the extant correspondence between 1945 and Merton's odd, premature death in 1968, we see the independent streak in Merton endure. The initial immersion into asceticism and denial understandably shook Merton up: he fears in early letters that being on the same roster as Henry Miller (whom he resembled and later struck up a friendship with) and Jean Genet might shake up Catholics. He wondered if his own inclusion in an anthology aside Genet or such might indirectly lead some young man into homosexuality; Merton scrupulously asked Laughlin if his own works for New Directions that funded the publication of less successful authors could make him (a term I employ but he does not) what used to be called a near occasion of sin.

However, by 1956, a change comes. As the Beats and rock stimulated the culture, so Merton might have been jolted. He begins to read Buddhism and ask about Zen. He no longer signs his monastic name in the very same letter where first he raises this interest, intriguingly. Laughlin must have labored well to assist Merton in obtaining books; consider this is but one of a series of volumes where Laughlin writes at length and in depth to such as W.C. Williams, Rexroth, Schwartz, Pound, and Miller at the same time. There's an affection on the page, even as the contents tend as the years go on to fill with worries over censorship by Merton's Order, the tensions of the superpowers, the war in Vietnam, and the pull of a nurse with whom Merton fell in love in 1966 (discreetly and sensitively handled by the editor and both correspondents; an afterword includes Laughlin's letter to her, tracked down over a year after Merton's death), and Laughlin's nimble recollections of his friend.

I agree with Laughlin that once one reads Merton, however imperfect some of his verse could be, one keeps on. His voice, approachable, ironic, sensitive, intellectual, compassionate, admonitory: it expresses insight and acuity. He's intellectual without posing as an academic, a committed priest who learned to let go of the narrowness of his call in its remote setting, so as to embrace the wider community. He gently early on encourages Laughlin towards faith, reminding him how a ritual rewards the body, which needs its own satisfaction along with the tug of the mind or pull of the soul.

Ultimately, the message Merton by the mid-50s articulates places him in the progressive movement's vanguard. His list of what he reads, who he writes to, what he knows, shows his curiosity and his drive to not cut any ties with society even as he seeks a hermitage to retreat to within the monastery's expanse. This energy, as he burrows down there in Kentucky even as he travels now and then before his final journey to Asia, compels him, and the need to resort to a mimeographed form of transmitting what the Order feared when they stopped him from publishing in print political anti-war, anti-nuclear content demonstrates his decision to address the "pestilence" of a dark time as a priest who had to act.

One passage stands out. On 11/26/63, Merton tells of the reaction in the monastery to JFK's murder. While he sympathizes with his family, he feels "more sorry for the national dance of death." That is, he reminds Laughlin of what I have never before seen publicized. The speech to have been delivered by Kennedy in Dallas was read in the monastic refectory. It's a "symptom of our whole condition," and revealing. "Strange thing: he lists all the increase in our weapons, missiles, bombs, polaris submarines etc. etc., and after doing so says that this would put a stop to any sinister plans of aggressors and.  .  . assassins. With all those missiles and submarines, all it took to do him in was a rifle and two bullets--one extra for the Governor of Texas." (234) Merton suggests this "angle" has "unconsciously unnerved people" and it unsettled me when I read his take on this mythic event. As far removed as he was from the non-stop media coverage that blanketed the nation then, he pinpoints the larger problem, and he refuses to idolize one who after all was responsible for some of the violence. One again sees the boldness of Merton's vision, and why he remained outspoken in his wisdom in a confusing age: he helped some of us react to it differently than did more popular media.

The contents show Laughlin's support and Merton's quest as it unfolds over more than twenty years. True, it's necessarily bogged down sometimes with details about what to print next, what needs editing, who wrote what, but this shows the passion with which Merton and Laughlin sustained their mutual support to connect him with a readership that at New Directions might not otherwise be open (then or now) to reading a Catholic convert's works. I also noticed how publications did not accept all of his articles or poems after his fame; you do get the sense Merton produced an enormous amount, and he seems to have an eye on practically publishing it all, even if not all of it during his lifetime.

Merton grows up to accept his burdens that he thought once might be relieved of him as a monk. He takes on more, willingly, and while he chafes at some of his adopted home's strictures, he loves the place and you read this collection understanding how he depended upon Laughlin to negotiate his intellectual journey as his mediator and yearly visitor, who enabled Merton to find us as his audience. Navigating between solitude and engagement, isolation and intimacy, Merton's again worth reading.
(Amazon US 5-18-13)

Saturday, June 22, 2013

"Selected Letters of Allen Ginsberg + Gary Snyder": Review

Having finished "The Gary Snyder Reader" last month, I wondered how this collection might illuminate some of the contexts as Snyder's wanderings across Beat San Francisco, early-'60s Japan, and back to settle in first Marin County and then the Sierras connect with Ginsberg's New York (city and then upstate) and West Coast residences. Both, furthermore, roam far as they become countercultural spokesmen. Early on, both found success, Ginsberg in the spotlight of course, and then, after his Asian travels, Snyder's poetry finding more recognition.

While Ginsberg's reputation earned him the headline role, Snyder's influence as this series 1956-1991 documents reveals him as the guide. Ginsberg's attraction to Buddhism appears more gradual, as Snyder had preceded him and nearly every other young (non-Asian or a few academics excepted) American. I looked for a pivotal shift to acceptance of Buddhism by Ginsberg in the letters, but it's occluded. Perhaps an early-'60s trip to Asia and extended visit with Snyder in Japan can be credited.

Yet the pull of the possibilities that expanded consciousness exerted on these eager seekers tugs early. 8/10/60, Snyder expresses disgust with American politics and foreign policy. "Bread and Circuses. No longer a problem of helping out American workers, but of giving up for the whole world welfare...will America ever choose to be a bodhisattva? and wear blue jeans and sandals before the world and give up her property? The 'orgy' has political and metaphysical significance." (31) I guess he got the fashion trend right, at least. Anticipating often this decade the inevitable triumph of socialism if not communism, Snyder fears its "one pair of glasses" as well as the capitalist insanity, and expresses nascent fears of climate collapse and economic inequality.

From Kyoto, writing to Allen and Peter Orlovsky in Calcutta 5/30/62, Gary notes that his Japanese buddies have turned hemp farmers. His future neighbor and rival for Sierra land control, Don Allen (soon to be Swami Kriyananda) appears: "Extremely interested in Buddhism" and the interest starts to spread among their circles. Snyder notes "two things going: 1. The individual working out his path by lonely self-enquiry and meditation. 2. A kind of social-sexual communal breakthrough, aided by drugs, dance, music, (meditation), etc. Now if we can reconcile these two and use them we can remake society utterly. (Cosmo-political project #1)" (55)

How close did these comrades come? By 4/29/66, Snyder maps out four steps to a "bodhisatva path": Zen's samadhi power to apply to love (-making) and turning energy into art as "one's work or craft" and through that into "Action politically" to make "the social happen, correcting and reforming, revolution, so that people will be good to each other and to nature, and come to have enough stock of good-humor, curiosity, faith, and bodhi to try" Zen. (80) It's as simple--or complex--as that.

On 1/7/73, Snyder--worried about the carpet-bombing of North Vietnam--quotes from a Chinese text to Ginsberg, by now trying to go back to the land himself near Cherry Valley in upstate New York: "After Niu-t'ou heard the teaching of Zen he gave up sitting all day in his cave and carried 300 bushels of rice to feed people thru a famine." (148-149). The engagements of both Snyder and Ginsberg with activism remain more as undercurrent, as they roam the milieu where campuses, writers' or monastic retreats, awards ceremonies, and media appearances especially for Ginsberg take precedence. There's a guardedness about some of this period, as with Ginsberg's asides more than details debates over Trungpa and also Tim Leary's 1970s activities. Between confidants, it's odd to me that there's not more to reveal here. The 70s on find both men settled into teaching and traveling.

I expected much more herein about Buddhism as a radical force for transformation, given the prominence of both men in the literary and cultural realms. Ginsberg does betray at one point midway a sense of weariness with lineages, lamas, and the Naropa disembodied poetics scene in the 1970s. Yet, despite the publisher's claim that this volume, edited by Ginsberg's archivist and chosen biographer Bill Morgan, it's much more filled with asides about such as controversial lama Chogyam Trungpa, lots of itineraries as both poets flew around the world to give lectures, attend conferences, and hob-nob with A-listers. Increasingly, the pages by the 70s demonstrate a telling alteration. The spiritual issues fade, and while Ginsberg does three times over the decades weigh in with critiques about Snyder's verse drafts, poetry itself occupies not much space. Instead, we follow disputes with the Swami, the building of the zendo, like-minded neighbors coming in to join Snyder, tax concerns over what became the Ring of Bone in the San Juan Ridge of the Sierras, and the more mundane negotiations of the two writers as they bought property and as Snyder established a "village-temple."

The "real work" as Snyder sums up this stage marks change. Ideas and fantasies took root in concrete and a community. While I continue to wonder why the two and their allies did not buy an old summer camp and convert that rather than move themselves (and this leads to hundreds more as the Swami's foundation and the zendo both drew more to settle in the region) into unoccupied space, Kitkitdizze does represent the fruition of their hopes for (one hopes a small-scale) return to nature and renewal.

The collection closes suddenly in 1995; no idea why the correspondence ceases nearly two years before Ginsberg's death. Morgan provides no editorial conclusion; his footnotes tend to be sporadic, explaining some concepts and people referred to but leaving a few misspellings of proper names in the letters and a few references stay too vague for a likely reader. The editor's light touch lets Ginsberg and especially Snyder converse without much interference; there's an index of those named.

Snyder and Ginsberg met in the "strong but reticent Bay Area poetic culture" in the fall of 1955. They, along with Jack Kerouac, managed to move that scene "into public light, with a deliberate intention for some sort of transformation, first literary and then social." In over 350 letters, it's intriguing to find how much of a legacy both young men, dropping out of grad school, left over the next half-century. Snyder typically sums up in his prefatory note their relationship of "mutual respect": "I made him walk more and he made me talk more." (ix) (Amazon US 5-16-13)